Diabetes has become one of the most pressing public health challenges of our time, affecting millions worldwide. In Ireland almost 300,000 people are estimated to be living with diabetes, and it is the most prevalent chronic condition in those aged 45–75. As one of the most pressing public health issues, understanding diabetes and promoting awareness are crucial in combating its rising prevalence.
Diabetes is typically classified into three types, with Type 1, and Type 2 being the most recognisable. Gestational diabetes is the third type and occurs during pregnancy. Equally as important is a condition known as pre-diabetes, which is a strong predictor of future development of Type 2 diabetes.
Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little to no insulin. It typically develops in children and young adults, requiring insulin therapy.
Type 2 Diabetes accounts for most of the diabetes cases and typically has a later onset in life. The body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas fails to produce sufficient insulin. This type is closely linked to lifestyle factors such as inactivity, and prolonged poor dietary patterns. Family history also plays a role here too.
Gestational Diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth. However, it increases the mother’s risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.
Prevention focuses strongly on lifestyle factors such as improved dietary patterns and staying as active as possible. Resistance, or weight training, has been shown to be very effective as a prevention tool, along with increasing fibre from whole food plant sources and grains. Reducing highly processed carbohydrate sources also plays a role. All these elements help to support lowered blood glucose levels, mitigating risk.
Treatment likely involves a combination of medical therapies and lifestyle modifications mentioned above. Speaking with your GP about the best approach to take is your best support resource for this.
This World Diabetes Awareness Day let’s focus on spreading knowledge about the condition, its risk factors, and management strategies. Together we can empower people to take charge of their health. The goal should be to educate, advocate for, and engage with communities, to work toward reducing the prevalence of diabetes and improving the quality of life for those affected.
Rab Das is a Physical Health & Nutritional Wellbeing Consultant at Irish Life Wellbeing